Biology

Life form	Perennial
Type form	Hemicryptophyte
Photosynthesis	C3

Phenology

Blooming

JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

Fruiting

JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

Map Localization

Ecology

Adaptation	Gypso-halophyte plant, excellent dune fixer. Deciduous foliage which allows the plant to resist drought because it offers little surface for evaporation.
Salt bladder	yes
Invasive	no

Geographical distribution

Localization	Biocimatic stage	Annuel pluviometry (mm)	GPS
Monastir (Skanès, Juillet 2016)	Inferior semi-arid	331	35°46'41.92"N / 10°47'38.91"E
Cap Bon (Korba, Mars 2014)	Superior semi-arid	444	36°34'58.91"N / 10°52'5.60"E
Bizerte (Rimel, Déc. 2014)	Lower humid - sub-humid	653	37°15'27.31"N / 9°54'11.59"E

General uses

Medicinal uses

"It is also effective against diuretic and antiviral anemia. The black honey extracted from the plant is a good remedy against several microbes.

NOTE : This website is not that of herbal medicine and assumes no responsibility for the negative effects of the use of plants. Seek advice from a professional before using a medicinal plant.

Systems / Organs / Effects

Reproductive System

Nervous System

Urinary System

Respiratory System

Eays

Analgesic

Antiinflammatory

Skin

Dispersion mode

Germination

Duration

Image

Description of the seeds

Form
External structure
Ornamentation
Type of seed
Average length of 10 seeds	± (mm)
Average width of 10 seeds	± (mm)
Average thickness of 10 seeds	± (mm)
Average mass of 100 seeds	(g)

Test results

TPC	DPPH	ABTS+	FRAP	Year
mg GAE g-1 MS	CI50 g ml-1	CI50 g ml-1	CE50 g ml-1
30,37± 4,03	134,13± 0,69	254,75± 1,35	672,93± 50,63	2016

Total Phenols content(TPC), Anti-radical potentialities against (DPPH, ABTS), Ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)

Molecules : ADN / Proteins

Chromosomes : 48	Uniprot	NCBI

Chemical composition

	Name
Phenolic compounds	3'-O-methylorobol   link Coumarine link Flavones link Quercetine link Vitexin Vicenin Genistin 7-Di-O-b-glucosideles Resorcinol link (+)-hydrate -catechin link Rhamnoside link Naringin link Luteolin link 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid link
Phenolic acids	Cafeic acid link Ferrulic acid link Gallic acid link Rosmarinic acid link Syringic acid link Vallinic acid link Transcinnamic acid p-coumaric acid link o-coumaric acid link Salicylic acid link Carnosic acid link Trans-hydroxycinnamic acid
Other compouds	Pectin

Tunisian references

Boukef M.K. (1986). Les plantes dans la médecine traditionnelle tunisienne. Médecine traditionnelle et pharmacopée. Librairie Larose (Eds), paris, 350p.

Edziri H, Mastouri M, ChéraifI and Aouini M. (2010). Chemical composition and antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the flower oil of Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb from Tunisia, Nat. Prod. Res. 24, 789-796.

Hayet E, Samia A, Patrick G, Ali M, Maha M, Laurent G, Mighri Z and Mahjoub L. (2007). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Marrubium alysson and Retama raetam grown in Tunisia, Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 10, 1759-62.

Hayet E, Maha M, Samia A, Mata M, Gros P, Raida H, Ali M, Mohamed AS, Gutmann L, Mighri Z and Mahjoub A. (2008). Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb flowers growing in Tunisia, World J. Microbiol. Biotech. 24, 2933-40.

Saada M, Falleh H, Jalleli I, Snoussi M, Ksouri R. (2014). Phenolic profile, biological activities and fraction analysis of the medicinal halophyte Retama raetam. South African Journal of Botany.94 :114–121

Other references

Abdalla MF and Saleh NAM(1983). Flavonoids of Retama raetam, J. Nat. Prod. 46, 757-757.

Algandaby MM, Alghamdi HA, Ashour OM, Abdel-Naim AB, Ghareib SA, AbdelSattar EA and Hajar AS. (2010). Mechanisms of the antihyperglycemic activity of Retama raetam in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Food Chem. Toxicol. 48, 2448-2453.

Djeddi S, Karioti A, Yannakopoulou E, Papadopoulos K, Chatter R, Skaltsa H. (2013). Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities of Algerian Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb & Berthel Extracts Rec. Nat. Prod. 7:3 169-176.

Eddouks M, Maghrani M, Louedec L, Halouji M and Michel JB. (2007). Antihypertensive activity of the aqueous extract of Retama raetam (Forssk.) leaves in spontaneously hypertensive rats, J. Herbal Pharmacotherapy . 7, 65-77.

Kassem M, Morsharrafan SA, Saleh NAM and Abdel-Wahab SM. (2000). Two new flavonoids from Retama raetam, Fitoter. 71, 649-654.

Maghrani M, Zeggwagh NA, Haloui M and Eddouks M. (2005). Acute diuretic effect of aqueous extract of Retama raetam in normal rats, J. Ethnopharm. 99, 31.