Ammophila arenaria
Kingdom : Plantae / النّباتات
Division : Spermaphyta / البذريات
Clade : Magnoliophyta or Angiospermae / مستورات البذور
Class : Monocotyledoneae / أحاديات الفلقة
Order : Poales / رتبة القبئيات
Family : Poaceae [Gramineae] / الفصيلة النجيليّة أوالقبئيّة أوالكلئيّة
Genus : Ammophila
species : arenaria
Chromosomes: 2n=28
Protologue
(L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 105 (1827)
Synonyms
Psamma arenaria, Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 105 (1827) subsp. australis (Mabille) Lainz, Commun. INIA, Ser. Recorsos Nat. 2: 22 (1974). Ammophila arenaria var. arundinacea Husnot, Gram. Fl. Belg. 19 (1896).
Common names
Tunisia Arabic English French Tamazight
قزمير
قصب الرمال
Marram grass
Sea reed
Beach grass
European beachgrass
European marram grass
Oyat
Roseau des sables
Gourbet
Jonc des dunes
Ammophile des sables
Orge des sables
Toxic
no
Edible
yes
Latex
no
Botanic description
Genus description
"Perennial, rohust plant with creeping squamous rhizomes, involute long leaves. Panicle dense, spiciform, Spikelets 1-flores, laterally compressed, with racheus disarticulating above the glumes and forming a calyx, hairy at the apex, below the lemma. Subequal glumes, the lower 1-nerved, the upper 3-nerved. Lemma a little shorter than the glumes, papery, 5-nerved; subgal palleole. Racheole extended beyond the flower into a villous rod. caryopsis subcylindrical, free, laterally compressed, crisscrossed.
Species description
"
A herbaceous plant very characteristic of dune environments, whitish-green with a stump and long rhizomes.The oyat is very tolerant to sand mobility and can withstand being buried up to 1 m deep.
Stems straight stubble erect from 0.50 to 1 m. Leaves glabrous, slightly striated, smooth, tightly curled. Flowers florets grouped in spikelets. Inflorescence fairly dense panicle, long pedunculated, spiciform, whitish to yellowish green, cylindrical fusiform, up to 30 cm. Fruits caryopsis yellow-brown, oblong, little compressed laterally, deeply canaliculate on the ventral surface. Seeds rounded on the back, a little dilated, the lower nested, all ± striated.
Botanic References
Réné MAIRE (1953). Encyclopédie biologique de la flore de l'Afrique du Nord. Monocotyledonae vol II, 157-158p. Edouard LE FLOC’H, Loutfy BOULOS et Errol VELA. (2010). Catalogue synonymique commenté de la FLORE DE TUNISIE. République Tunisienne, Ministère de l’Environnement et du développement durable, Banque Nationale de Gènes. 500 p www.theplantlist.org http://botarela.fr/Poaceae/Taxons/Ammophila-arenaria.html
Biology
Life form Perennial Type form hemicryptophyte Photosynthesis C4
Phenology
Blooming
JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
Fruiting
JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
Map Localization
Ecology
Adaptation Thermophilic marine species. One of the most valuable plants for fixing dunes, allowing to fix the sand. Salt bladder no Invasive no
Geographical distribution
Localization Biocimatic stage Annuel pluviometry (mm) GPS Monastir (Skanès, Déc. 2013 , Mai 2014, Juillet 2016) Inferior semi-arid 331 35°46'43.24"N / 10°47'33.01"E Cap Bon (Korba, Mars 2014) Superior semi-arid 444 36°34'52.74"N / 10°52'19.99"E Cap Bon (Menzel Temim, Fév.2016) Superior semi-arid 444 36°46' 0.47"N / 11° 0'18.73"E
General uses
In the past, the stems and leaves were used to make thatch roofs. The seeds turned to flour during famine.
Medicinal uses
"
NOTE : This website is not that of herbal medicine and assumes no responsibility for the negative effects of the use of plants. Seek advice from a professional before using a medicinal plant.
Systems / Organs / Effects
Description of the seeds
Form straight External structure trichomes Ornamentation any Type of seed albumen Average length of 10 seeds 8 ± 0,1 (mm) Average width of 10 seeds 1 ± 0,1 (mm) Average thickness of 10 seeds 1 ± 0,1 (mm) Average mass of 100 seeds (g)
Test results
TPC DPPH ABTS+ FRAP Year mg GAE g-1 MS CI50 g ml-1 CI50 g ml-1 CE50 g ml-1 6,02± 0,66 76,52± 10,92 135,89± 1,42 742,22± 3,85 2016 Total Phenols content(TPC), Anti-radical potentialities against (DPPH, ABTS), Ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)
Molecules : ADN / Proteins
Chromosomes : 28 Uniprot NCBI
Chemical composition
Name Phenolic compounds Polyphenols
Tunisian references
Other references
Couplan F & Styner E (1994) : Guide des plantes sauvages comestibles et toxiques. Guides du naturaliste. Delachaux et Niestlé, Neuchâtel (CH) Dixon P, Hilton M, Bannister P. (2004). Desmoschoenus spiralis displacement by Ammophila arenaria: the role of drought. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 28(2), 207-213. Hilton MJ (2006). The loss of New Zealand’s active dunes and the spread of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria). New Zealand Geographer, 62, 105–120. Hilton MJ, Duncan M, Jul A. (2005). Processes of Ammophila arenaria (marram grass) invasion and indigenous species displacement, Stewart Island, New Zealand. Journal of Coastal Research, 21(1), 175-185. Moore P and Davis A. (2004). Marram grass Ammophila arenaria removal and dune restoration to enhance nesting habitat of Chatham Island oystercatcher Haematopus chathamensis, Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Conservation Evidence, 1, 8-9. Pickart AJ (1997). Control of European Beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria ) on the West Coast of the United States. California Exotic Pest Plant Council, The Nature Conservancy Lanphere-Christensen Dunes Preserve Arcata, CA 95521. http://www.imapinvasives.org/GIST/ESA/esapages/documnts/ammoare.pdf (Mai 2017) http://botarela.fr/Poaceae/Taxons/Ammophila-arenaria.html (Août 2017)